Process of manufacturing varnishes.



. producing products which are more or less col- .of good quality andeasy of employment have consequently of real industrial employment. Thehard gums themselves for the major part UNITED STATES AUGUST TIXIER, OFBILLANCOURT,

' Patented mm; 21, 1905.

AND LUCIEN RAMBAUD, OF PARIS,

FRANCE.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING VAR'NISHES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 785,450, dated Marc1121, 1905; Application filed September 222, 1903. Serial No. 174,168.

1'0 (ti/Ii whom it may conceive:

Be it known that'we, AUGUST TIXIER, chemist, residing at 160 Rue deBillancourt, Billancourt, Seine, and LUOIEN RAMBAUD, chemist, residingat 14 Rue du Parc Royal, Paris, France, citizens of the Republic ofFrance, I have invented a new and Improved Process of ManufacturingVarnishes, of which the' following isa specification. v

The greater part of the gums cannot be utilized in the manufacture ofvarnishes except after having been submitted toa fusion which has forits object to render them soluble in oils and other liquids employed inthis industry. i All efforts hitherto made for obtaining without thispreliminary operation varnishes been ineffectual. Now this possesses thedisadvantages of occasloning an important loss of material, ofcomplicating the work, and of oried.

The present invention consists in a process which permits of thepreparation by causing an acid to act on spirit of turpentine of asolvent which readily dissolves the gums without previous fusion andwhich is suitable for the manufacture of alcoholic or spirit varnishesas well as for fatty varnishes. In the case of these latter the processhas the advantage of increasing the solubility of ,the gums in oil. Theactive principle of this-solvent is terpinol CwHnO, which exercises avery energetic solvent action on gums in the natural state orincompletely melted, even if a certain quantity of spirit of-turpentine,of benzin, of'alcohol, &c., is added, (a quantity varying with each gumand with its degree of eoction,) which permits of the preparation of asolvent cheaper than pure terpinol and susceptible dissolve, leaving aslightmucilaginous residue easy of separation by filtration, providedthat the solvent contains the minimum of terpinol necessary, a quantityeasy to determine for each case by preparing a solution of gum invarying composition which may serve as a product is then taken for thepreparation by terpinoland adding spirits of turpentine or v ot' benzin,&c.,zuntilthe gum commences to l separate therefrom, which is apparentby a 5 persistent clouding of the solution.

1 The solvent is prepared beginning with the spirit of turpentine by anindirect process.

The process consists in causing moderatelydiluted mineral acid to act onthe spirit of turpentine with more or less violent agitation.

- In putting the process into practice the temperature is maintained low that is to say, at 15 to 20 centigrade (cooling if needful) dur- Iing the action of the mineral acid on the spirit. Under these:conditions nearly the whole of the latter is transformed intocrystallized terpene, which it only remains to wash in pure 3 water andto transform into terpinol by the action of very dilute sulfuric acid.The most 5 convenient mineral. acid is nitric acid at about 20 Baum.Dilute sulfuric or hydrochloric acid may be substituted therefor, butnitric acid was found .to give better results. This process produces acolorless product of unsure base for uniform productions. v Theoperation conducted with care, taking.

into account the delicateconditions of the v transformation of theterpinol under the action of chemical agents, permits of the obtainingevery good output, beginning with the spirit of turpentine, of'a pureindustrial terpinol, without action on the polarized light, of a densitybordering on 940 (if an index of refraction beyond 1.4780 at 20centigrade.

.lVith such a product the density permits the percentage of pureterpinol to be estimated in a sufficiently approximate manner. This itsadmixture in suitable proportions with the other constituents of thevarnish to be manufactured (spirit of turpentine or benzin or alcohol,860., asthe case may be) of the solvent containing the minimum .ofterpinol necessary, corresponding to the given gum or to the kind ofvarnish desired.

Thefollowing is the method of preparing the varnishes by the'processabovedescribed.

For spirit or alcoholic varnishes it suflices to dissolve the gum,vpreviously finely pulverized, in the solvent above indicated, eitherunder heat or cold, then filtering. Varnishes able for the interior ofhabitations.

limpid as crystal and quite as colorless are obtained if the properpieces of gum have been chosen, which varnishes are very s il it- 1epreparation of fatty varnishes is more delicate on account of theinsolubility'of the gums in oils. However, the terpinol, of which a partremains combined with the gums, serves as a binding medium between thesetwo constituents. For their manufacture it is necessary to take intoaccount the nature of the gum and thisdouble fact that the quantity ofoil that can be added increases with the proportion of terpinol in thesolvent and increases also with its acidity, whether this.

may be produced by the preliminary treatment to whichthe oil issubmitted or directly by addition of soluble fatty acid to the oil. Bytaking into account these facts the composition of a given fatty varnishmay be determined exactly in advance.

The varnishes prepared by this new process, besides the economy and thesuperiority of the products, ofier-a great advantage to themanufacturer, seeing that they must be employed just as they are, anyattempt at adulteration havingfor its consequence to induce theirimmediate decomposition by the separation of gum. It is only those whoknow the exact composition who can. in accordance-with given data modifythis composition.

What we claim as our invention is 1. The process of manufacture of asolvent for gums consisting in causing .an acid to act on the spirit ofturpentine, while agitating, so as to produce crystallized terpene,treating the terpene with dilute sulfuric acid 'to form terpinol andmixing the terpinol with an ordinary varnish solvent.

2. The process of manufacture of a solvent for gums consisting incausing dilute nitric acid to act on spirit of turpentine at a tem-.

perature about to centigradc to transform the major part of the spiritinto crystallized terpene, washing the terpen'e in water, treating thewashed terpene with dilute sulfuric acid to form terpinol and mixing theterpinol with an ordinary varnish solvent.

3. The process of manufacturing varnish consisting in obtaining asolvent with afterpinol base by the action of an acid on the spirit ofturpentine, dissolving the varnishgum in this solvent, filtering thesolution thus obtained and adding thereto an ordinary varnish solvent.

,4. The process of manufacturing fatty varni'sh consisting in obtaininga solvent with a terpinol base by the action of an acid on the spirit ofturpentine, dissolving avarnish-gum in said solvent, filtering thesolution thus obtained, then adding thereto oil acidified by means of afatty acid soluble therein.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing as our own invention we havesigned our names, in presence of two witnesses, this 9th day ofSeptember, 1903.

AUGUST TIXIER. LUCIEN RAMBAUD.

- Witnesses:

PAUL F. PA UET,

- ALGIDE FAB'E.

